What does "arc length" refer to in welding?

Arc length in welding refers to the distance between the electrode and the workpiece. This measurement is crucial because it directly influences the quality of the weld. A proper arc length creates a stable arc, leading to optimal heat input and metal transfer, which ultimately affects penetration, bead profile, and overall weld integrity.

When the arc length is too short, it can lead to a situation known as "stubbing," which may damage the electrode and the workpiece due to excessive heat. Conversely, if the arc length is too long, it can cause instability in the arc and lead to poor fusion or excessive spatter. Therefore, maintaining the correct arc length is essential for achieving satisfactory welding results.

Regarding the other options, while the angle of the electrode, the duration of the welding process, and the voltage applied during welding are all important parameters, they do not define arc length. Each of these aspects contributes to the overall welding setup and can affect the welding outcome, but they are separate concepts from the arc length itself.