What is a "step-over" technique in welding?

The step-over technique in welding is specifically designed to control weld bead placement and minimize distortion during the welding process. By using this technique, the welder moves systematically from one position to another, creating a series of overlapping beads rather than a single linear weld. This controlled movement allows for better heat distribution across the workpiece, reducing the risk of thermal distortion and warping that can occur with excessive heat in localized areas. Additionally, by managing the bead placement, the welder can achieve a more uniform weld profile and better overall structural integrity.

The other options relate to different aspects of welding techniques but do not accurately capture the essence of the step-over technique. For example, while reducing heat input can be important in certain scenarios, it does not specifically describe the step-over method. Similarly, increasing penetration depth and limiting the number of passes focus on different objectives in weld management rather than the precise control of bead placement and distortion minimization that the step-over technique provides.